Process for the heat treatment and reduction of ores



Dec. 15, 1931. H. R. BERRY 1,836,005

PROCESS FOR THE HEAT TREATMENT AND REDUCTION OF ORES Filed June 4. 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 A rromvgy.

Dec. 15, 1931. BERRY 1,836,005

PROCESS FOR THE HEAT TREATMENT AND REDUCTION OF ORES Filed June 4, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEY.

Dec. 15, 1931.

H. R. BERRY 5 PROCESS FOR THE HEAT TREATMENT AND REDUCTION OF ORES Filed June 4, 1928 s Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Dec, 15, 1931 "IDLAROLD R. BERRY, or BROOKLYN, NEW YORK PROCESS FOR THE HEAT TREATMENT AND REDUCTION OF ORES/ Application filed June 4-,

The present application is a continuation in part of the subject matter contained in U. S. Patent No. 1,672,054, issued June 5th, 1928.

The object, of this invention is to effect 5 certain improvements in processes and apparatus /for the heat treatment and reduction of ores through the use of combustible gas.

The process disclosed herein contemplates the use of any natural or artificial combustible gas, or combinations of these; provided, however, that there be present in the gas or be derivable therefrom, either or both,carbon monoxide or hydrogen, in suflicient quantities to serve the purpose of the process.

In operationof the process, reducing gases are made available in the gassupplied and smelting heats are obtained through its combustion. 'Few combustible gases contain sul- --phur to any such extent as it occurs in coke;

and the removal of sulphur from such gases is inexpensive and common practice, whereas coke may not be so purified commercially.

Sulphur, occurring in pig-iron, due to its introduction into the smelting operation as a 5 constituent of the fuel used, is materially reduced in amount.

Methods of using the process include recovery in the blast furnace of latent heat now carried away in the blast furnace gases, which become chiefly useful for regenerative purposes. Use of the process improves the general character of pig-iro n, not only by reducing the sulphur content, but by removal from the smelting operation, of the large quantities of incandescent carbon from the coke, which contribute to tion of the molten metal.

Fixed carbon contacting oxide ore, at proper temperatures, produces reaction to carbon oxides and reduction of the metal; but, at much lower temperatures, with greater penetration, more intimate contact and increased efficiency, carbon monoxide reacts with metallic oxides to carbon dioxide. The latter reaction also occurs in coke fed blast the carbon absorp- 1928. Serial No. 282,514.

furnaces, but the carbon monoxide is derived y the reactionof carbon dioxide, resulting from carbon combustion, with carbon, athigh temperature. Carbon monoxide, so derived, is at the expense of the sensible heat, which represents a cost to produce, that it absorbs as an endothermic formation heat. Thus it is, that all the reducing energy of the carbon monoxide of a coke fed blast furnace is obtained at the cost of fuel consumed 55 in combustion with air; whereas, the present process, without absorbing its heat of formation, from the smelting zone, to produce carbon monoxide, produces outside said zone, such carbon monoxide quantities for the re.- o0 ducing phase of the smelting operation.

A method for operating the present process includes the heat treatment and gasification of the primary fuel to be used. Such fuel may be solid carbonaceous material or it may 85 be liquid in character and of high, low or intermediate viscosities, or a combination of these. The gasified fuel may be fractionated and hydrocarbons of high heat value delivered to the blast furnace in theneighborhood of the hoshes, while carbon monoxide and hydrogen constituents of the gas, may be delivered'higher up the stack for reducing purposes and combustion, with air, for heat production, of percentages not converted to carbon dioxide and water vapor in reducing the ore.

In the region of highest temperatures, above the tuyres of the common blast furnace construction, reactions involving the gangue of the ore are most occllrent. In certain of the reactions and physical readjustments happenin in this region, involvin lime applied as aux, silicon, manganese an phosphorus, carbon enters in its native orfixed state. In using the present process such carbon is not supplied from coke, but is available from carbon precipitated from heavy hydrocarbons of the gas when they are delivered into the zone of maximum temperatures.

i to: include treatment I The highest thermal values of a solid fuel By present fpractice;

' ual carbon and ash,

' dling, thereby volatile fractions.

economic expenditure,

-When the present process is so applied as and gasification of the fuel used, important economies ensue.

content. In the blast furnace part ofthe cokeis then combusted to restore the heat so.

fdissipated, which combustion is attained by erated is s. and carbon to carbon monoxide.

air blasting with air quantities in excess of complete combustion requirements; resul ing, in exit from the operation of more sensible heat, together with actual carbon extraction from the coke, occuring as carbon monoxide in the blast furnace gases. To the loss must also be added the thermal value of the carbon monoxide of the exhaust gases, as the ntire latent as well as sensible heat of the last furnace gases are equated in heat balanceagainst the sensible operating heats of the blast furnace.

In burnin carbon to CO the heat gencient to react carbon dioxide is the invariable occurrence of monoxide uantities in combustion products from solid 7 e1. The composition of producer gas is due to these reactions, and but for the carbon monoxide utilized by the blast furnace for reducing purposes, it would-be producer gas exiting through the downcomer.

In using gaseous fuel, as prescribed b the present process, when CO is produce and made available for vuse,the not reduced, through heat formation of carbon the reaction heat thermal yield is absorption in the monoxide by the subsequent reaction of the -tion. By the dioxide with fixed carbon.

Use of the sensible heat of exhaust gases for regenerative purposes is included within the present process, utilize within the blast furnace, thelatent thermal values now occurrent in blast furing operations, the heat value of the volatile of the fuel as well as that ofthe coking fracrocess, gaseous reducents are directly supplled to the'blast furnace operations,.without absorption of the sensible heat, incident to their production; and-air is'introduced to' combust and obtain the heat value of such of these quantities as are not reacted in reducing processe s P by thls with pipes, valves and connections operatable' valued thermal conconstituting coke, is at The result but the purpose is to ments in detail of its units, constituting a mechanism and method'for operation of the process presented.

In the accompanying drawings, like reference numerals indicate corresponding parts in the different figures of the drawings.

Fig. 1,shows in graphic elevation anjzp K aratus assembly, representing a'mechamsm,

by the process, in which is illustrated a common type of blast-furnace and two gas generators, similar in general construction and principle of operation to the apparatus shown in United States Letters Patent No. 1,67 2,052 issued June 5th, 1928. Fig. 2 is a cross-sec tion elevation of the left hand gas generator, shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3, partly in cross-sec- .tion and partly in sketch, shows an elevation of the ri ht-hand gas generator shown in Fig.1. ig. 4 shows a cross-sectioh'elevation of the blast-furnace illustrated in'Fig. 1.

In the designating symbols for the different parts of the drawings, all valves include a 'v in their designations and, in sequences of by-pass pipes, the designating symbol for each such pipe contains a numeral, indicative of its place in the sequence.

In Fig. 1, reading from left to right there is illustrated a gas-generator, a blast-furnace and a gas-generator, similar to the unit to the left. (a) represents the shell construction of the left hand gas generator; ((1), an airblast line; (do) a shut-0E vali e on pipe (d) (e), a pipe connecting with (d) and leading .outside the gas generator; (012), a shut-off valve on pipe (6); (f), a steam line; (in), a shut-ofi' valve'on pipe (7); (t0), the top cover for the left hand gas-generator; (m), a fuel hopper on top of the left hand gas-generator, communicating by sliding trapwith its interior; (n) a fine communicating with the interior of the left hand gas generator; (0), a by-pass from flue (n) (0 0), a shutofl valve on pipe (0) (1w) a two-way damper, directing stack flow either continuously through stack (70.) or through by-pass (0);

(p), a pipe leading from the interior of the left hand gas generator; (p'v) valve on pipe (p) (s), a steam pipe leading into the left hand gas generator; a shutofi valve on pipe (8). The righthand unit,

shown in Fig. 1, represents a second and similar gas generator as the one described and located to the left.

Corresponding parts of the right-hand gas generator are symboled the same as the unit shown to the left, with-the addition of a In Fig. 1, (X1) represents a pipe connecting the by-pass pipes (*0) and. (0'); connecting pipes (p) and ('p')":v beyond their respective valves, (pa) and (p'v'); (VXI),

a shut-0E trap with the interior of magazine a shut-off valve communicating between pipes (V1) and (X2) (X3), a pipe entering within the blast furnace illustrated, at its lower terminus and, at its upper end, connecting, through shut-off valve (VX3) with pipe (X2 ;'(Y), a vertical pipe, extending downwar from pipe (X1), with laterals (Y1), (Y2), (Y3), (Y4) and (Y5) leading within the blast furnace illustrated, controlled respectively by shut-off valves, (VY1),(VY2),(VY3),(VY4) and (VY5) (VY6 a shut-off valve in pipe (Y) (Z), an air-line, connecting at its base with the furnace air supply at (ZO) and having laterals leading into the blast-furnace illustrated, a equipped respectively with shut-ofi' valves, (VZl), (VZ2), (VZ3), (VZ4), .(VZ5) and blast furnace. A In Fig. 2, (6) represents insulation material; (c), a fire-grate; (d) an air-blast pipe; (do), a shut-off valve on pipe (d); (f), a steam line; (fa), a shut-off valve on pipe (7) .(00), a coping, formed of a ring of sheet metal, united by angle iron to a small conic, resting atop of and attached to the shell structure (a) and insulating material (6), forming a beveled, circular entrance from the top into the interior of gas-generating unit (Fig. 2) (to), the top cover for gas-generat- (Fig. 2), to which is attached upon mg unit its lower side the outer wall, (9), of a fuel magazine, the latter being formed of two conic metallic sheets united at their minor circumferences by angle iron; (72.), a hollow bottle-shaped figure formed, by union with angle irons, of heavy pipe section (71.1) conic metallic sheet section (b2) and conic metallic sheet section (72.3) (It) being attached by angle iron, as shown, to the lower surface of top (to), the heavy pipe (k1), passing through top (to) (it), any one of four pipes passing through fuel magazine (A), formed y the space bounded by the interior surface of (g) and the exterior surface of (h) (m), either of the two fuel hoppers on top of generator (Fig. 2) communicating by sliding (A) i a a flue communicating with the interior of hollow figure (0), a by-pass from flue (n); (no), a two-way darnper, directing stack flow either continuousy through stack (72.) or through by-pas's. (0); (ov), a shutoff valve on -pass (0); (p), a pipe con necting the interior of fuel magazine (A), through top (to) with space outside genera tor (Fi 2) (p12), a shut-off valve on pipe (p) (a), a steam pipe, communicating with the interior of fuel magazine (A), through to (to) (so), a shut-off valve on pipe (8) (2%) a blast deflector, formed of sheet material and angle iron, located above the outlet of blast pipe*(d) and attached by angle iron to the lower part of bottle-shaped unit (k).

exit to the downcomerrof the passages around the furnace and shown within the insulating material, equipped respectively t P 2), 1 which communicate between the interiors of the respective annulars and the interior of the furnace; (4J1), (4 d2), (4033), (4d4),

(A035) and (4d6),a serles of annular pas- P), 1 and 2 sages around the furnace and shown within the insulating material, sequentially alternating with the first above mentioned series;

(6?), p)7 p), 1 2 serie's of ports which communicate between the interiors of the last mentioned respective annulars and the interior of the furnace; (4e), exit to downcomer) (4 bell; the annular (4036), Fig. 4, is comparable with the bustlepipe of familiar construction, excepting that it is shown located within the insulating material of the furnace walls.

Ports (11p), Fig. 4, are not shown equipped with nozzles,

municating with annular (4d6), Fig. 4, but to any or all of the ports shown in Fig. 4, whether intended to convey gas or air, also, any or all of the annulars of Fig. 4 maybe installed outside the furnace walls, after the but such equipment I maybe installed, not only to the ports commechanisms enable use of the process by employing a single method of operation. The

- number and relative sizes of the annulars and ports, shown in Fig. 4, and of the pipes andv connections shown in Fig. 1, may be varied in any manner which permits the process to function.

Pipe (2), .Fig. 1, represents an air-line, preferably operated with preheated air, and is connected by bypasses, controlled by valves, leading into the blast ferent levels. gas line, similarly communicating with the furnace at dif- Pipe (y), Fig. 1, represents a interior of the blast furnace at different levels, by means of by-passes, regulatable by valves. A method for operating the blast furnace conformable with the present rocess consists in closing valves (Do), (01: and (er),

Fig. 1, and delivering combustible 'gas through pipe (0'), Fig. 1, through a connection, not shown, or via the righthand gas generating unit of Fig. 1. Such gas supply, regulatable by valve (60') Fig. 1 passes into the gas-line (y) Fig. 1, where it 1s intro- I Fig. 1, through inlet pipe (.20) Fig. 1, and are ed in Figs. 1 and 4, in desired quantities at chosen levels hrough by-pass pipes (Z1), (Z2), (Z3), (Z4), (Z5) and (Z6), Fig. 1, by regulation of valves (VZl), (VZ2), (VZS), (VZ4), (VZ5) and (VZG), Fig. 1. The blast furnace has been charged in customary man'- ner with ore, for instance iron ore, and fluxing material, for instance lime, but fuel has 3 been omitted from the charger. The gas used may be natural or artificial or a com ination of these; but for eflicient operation, a sufficient quantity of reducing gases, such as carbon monoxide and free hydrogen, must 3 be present in the gas to serve the purposes of deoxidization incident to the smelting.

Combustion betweenthe gas and air so de- -livered into the blast-furnace, represented in Figs. 1 and 4, is inaugurated and the de-' 40 livery of both air and gas to the different levels of the furnace is regulated 'by the con-. trollin valves to the initial combustion stage; which 1s,establishment of complete combustion, as nearly as possible, at all levels, with maximum delivery at the lowest. level and decreasing quantities thereabove. 7 Initial heats may, also, be established by closing valve (VYG) 1, and valves Fig. 1, whereby all combustion occurs 1n. the region of the boshes. I 1 Upon establishment of operative smeltlng heats; by regulation of the valves on the bypasses leading into the illustrated blast furnace from pipes (y) and (2), Fig.1, lntensive combustion is established at the lowest level, served by gas through pipe Fig.

1, and by air through pipe (Z6), Fig. 1. 0 At the higher levels insufficient air guant1t1es are supplied for complete c'ombustlon of the gas there'delivered. To the extent that air is available, combustion ofthe gas ensues with heat productions; to the extent that the as is not combusted, the carbonvmonoxide and. hydrogen constituents perform the bles remaining in the delivered within the blast furnace represent-' func- 'tion of reducents. Through one or more 0 the higher air inlets, (Z1), Fig. 1, (4J1), Fig. 4, for instance, full combustion air quantities are supplied for burnin gas, so t at their thermal values are devoted. to. the operations of the blast furnace.

By establishing bustion and reducing zones in the blast furnace, with intensive heat concentration in the region at the base of thestack, a condition prevails quite similar to that produced by the alternating layers, of solid fuel, ore and lime of common practice. Though carbon monoxide and free hydrogen have been referred to as the r ducents present in combustible gases, ne ertheless, certain hydrocarbons contacting hot metallic oxides, serve the same purpose and are included as reducents within the scope of the process. No change is suggested, from customary practice, respecting the other operations, of'the blast furnade. Another method for using th 'e present'process includes production of the gas to .be used in the blast furnace.

To operate the gas generator, shown in Fig. 2, fuel the magazine (A), by delivering the fuel, through hopper (m) with the slide valve=in the bottom of the hopper, open. Such fuel may be of any suitable carbonaceous material. The character ofgas desired and the all combustithe vertical series; of comfrom which gas is to be made,

local price of available materialsmay govern the selection. Coke may be used and a water gas produced enriched with oil quantities added to the coke; bituminous coal, or

lignite may be usedwith or without the addition of-liquid carbonaceous material. 7

Such fuel as is selected and fed into magazine (A) proceeds downward between the circular, confining walls of the magazine, upon the upper surface of blast deflector (t) upon 'grate (0), the declivit vangle of the fuel. preventing its entering last pipe ((1). The fuel, so fed, finally occupies a space in the gas generator, shown in Fig. 2, similar to that shown as occupied by fuelin the twin gas generator shown in Fig. 3. When the gas generator shown in Fig. 2 is so fueled,

.the fuel atopgate (a) is ignited, the air blast is started through pipe ((1) by opening valve (do), all other valves in the pipings and connections attached to the generator are closed. Stack damper (m2) is thrown to the position indicated in the drawin s, Fig. 2,

cut oil and ac (n) is whereby pipe (0) is through and beyond continuously open damper ('n'v). The combustion products from the burn: ing fuel pass, not into fuel magazine (A), butthrough lateral. ipes (7:), into the interior of the hollow ottle-shaped unit (h),

thence through stack (12.)

vThe fuel atop grate (a) and in the course of the blast is burned, that in the magazine is heated. When sufficient heat has been produced by theburning fuel to start devolatilization of the coal in the magazine, valve distillates from the magazine fuel are conducted outside the generator. When the combusting fuel within the generator has attained suflicient temperature for its reaction with steam to contain but small carbon diperature of the reaction zone to a degree where carbon dioxide quantities in the water gas increase to undesired extent, the steam valve (fa) is closed. blast valve (d'v) is o ened. flue damper (no) is again swung to the vertical and the air-blast period of water ga production is on.

Successive repetition of the periods of air blasting and steam delivery constitute operation of the gas generator. Fuel consumed -is automatically replenished from magazine (A), which, from time to time as required, receives fresh fuel from hopper (m) by opening the sliding trap which constitutes the bottom of the hopper.

For a piece of fuel to arrive in the combustion zone in the neighborhood of grate (c), it must travel from the hopper trap, the entire vertical length of the fuel magazine (A). During this journey, the occurrence of repeated air blasting periods, have virtually devolatilized the fuel to coke when it artors shown in Fig. 1 and rives for combustion or incorporation into gas in the reaction zone.

A method for using the subject process in operating the mechanical arrangement illustrated in Fig. 1, consists in timing the periods of the two gas generators, so that, while one is on air blast, the other is on gas making run. There results a continuous gas making operation.

Presume the left hand of the gas generadetailed in Fig. 2, to be on air blast and the right hand generator of Fig. 1, detailed in Fig. 3, to be on gas making run. the positions of the valves are as follows: Fig. 1, open, (do), (fa'), (7m),

(1212), ('00), (0/0), (VX3), closed, (d'v), (e0), (ev with damper (m1) verticaland damper (nv) horizontal.

Volatiles from the fuel in magazine (A), Fig. 2, are being distilled through pipe (p),

Figs. and 2, into pipe Fig. 1, 1n large (p0) on pipe (32) is opened, whereby quantities and, to a lesser extent, volatiles hand generator of- Fig. 1 (Fig. 3), rises.

through flue (n),-Figs.' 1 and 3, is passed to pipe (0), Fig. 1 by the horizontal position of damper (n'v) Fi s. 1 and 3, and pro.- ceeds through pipe (X1 Fig. 1 into pipe (Y), Fig.1.

There is thus available through regulation of valves (VYl), (VY2), (VY3) and (VY4), Fig. 1, and valves (VZl), (VZ2), (VZ3), (VZ4), (VZ5) and (VZ6), Fig. 1, (see Fig. 4) in the lowest of the gas annulars (Y5), the hot hydrocarbon distillates from the fuel, and "distributed upward in a sequence of layers, the water gas in gas annulars (401), (402), (403) and (404) and air combustion quantities, through air 'annulars (4d1), (4412), (4d3), '(4d4), (4035) and (456) In regulating the blast furnace, full a'ir combustion quantities for complete combustion are delivered the fuel distillates, insufficient air quantities, for complete combustion, are afforded the water gas in their upward, apportioned, sequential delivery into the blast furnace, but from the top-most air annular (4d1), Fig. 4, by pipe (Z1) ,"Fig. 1,

full combustion air quantities are delivered to consume all combustible material remaining in the as at this point, as it journeys to exit (46), igs. 1 and 4, to the downcomer or other. final exit provided. Thus it is, that the original fuel has been segregated into the intensely hot hydrocarbons of the volatile and carbon of the potential coke reacted to water gas; whereby, within the blast furnace, intense heat is established in the region of the boshes, gaseous reducements made available upward through the stack and combustibles remaining in'the gaseous fuel ignited, leaving their heat value in the furnace in the neighborhood of the fresh ore and fluxing material. I

In a bituminous coal analysis referred to in U. S. Letters Patent No. 1,672,052, issued June 5, 1928, there is shown the following:

- Pittsbwrgh Bed, Marianna 100 pmlxnds Pounds Moisture 1.44 n

Ash 6. 18

Fixed carbon I 57.77

Volatiles O. 7.61 v f C. 20.99 v H 5.23 i S. 78 34. 61

B.t.u. per Total cu. ft. B'.t.u.

Kym bon gases l .410 1381 513,952 Water gaso o, 153 cu. m. m, 131 cu. ft. N. ec, 53011. n. 1531 312 1 483,784 1 Total. 1053 1,651,730

5770s of the above total thermal values,

represented by the 570,000 B. t. u.s of the coal volatile, by present ractice, never enters the blast furnace; and occurrence of the reducent, carbon monoxide, in the blast furnace of present practice, is had,not by its introduction .thereinto, but by producing it from the carbon of the coke, and to do this, sensible heat is.absorbed, which was produced by'the burning of fuel, exactly to the extent of the thermal value of the carbon monoxide roduced. The last, statement obtains where and C are reacted-to 2C0. When, be-

cause of low temperature or insuflicient air supply, the fuel .directly produces carbon monoxide, the result is the same,as carbon to carbon dioxide yields 14,544 B. t. u.s to theand one pound of carbon to pound of carbon,

only 4,350

carbon monoxide produces 13. t. u.s.

By present practice, the the coke product is lost; b the application of the subject process, last escribed, the sensible heat of the water gas product is delivered into the blast furnace, and *this heat is around 17 F. j

Byuse of the process, the present fuel cost of smelting is well out below one half, the operation is hastened and pig iron products are improved, because of the absence of the fixed carbon of coke to be absorbed by the metal.

In applying the process, in the manner last 9 described, or in any other manner to which the comments apply, a relief gash'older, or holders, maybe added to the equipment, to

equalize the operation or for other pur o'ses. 1. A s1n le gas generator may be use and 0 by conducting a proper part of the gas-make ,to the blatst furnace and another part to Itemporary s orage, a con inuous s su to the blast furnace be maintained: 7 pp 2. Theg'a'ses may be made, stored and subsequently used.

3. Installation of ap ropriately located steam purge jets (not s own inthe draw- 'mgs) are advisable in any gas apparatus construction.

Q 4. The whole 'orpart of the steam for react1on purposes may be delivered into the generators, at any point, other than that indigated in the drawings, without; departure from the process.

5.. Through heat absorption by the fuel sensible heat* in contained in the fuel magazines, reduces the temperatures of the conic boundary walls the outside conic, whereit of the zones nevertheless, an edging of car- I 6. It is notcla'imed in operation of-the .poss'ble volatiles of the fuel nor completely exclude from the gas all process that any apparatus will drive off all roducts of combustion. The process inc udes the normal departures from perfect operationincident to any operation. a 7.2. Oil, which may be used with solid fuel in the gas-making, may be delivered at any desired point, within the fuel hoppers, rectly into the fuel magazinesor elsewhere. 8. Within the scope of the process, entrance may be made into the apparatus shown in Fi 1, at any desired point'and materials with rawn as byproducts or for other purposes.

p 9. The intensive air-blasting required for the best combustion of solid fuel is not reuired for complete combustion of gaseous el, -proper contact with the equated oxygen amount sufiices.

10. The withdrawal of 'devolatilized fuel, as a coke by-product from the-gas-making operatiomillustrated by operation of the along with it, inthe presence of steam, to'

water gas. q

12. -In all instances iwhere gas or air are delivered into their respective annulars shown in Fig. 4, they enter therefrom, by their respective ports, into the interior of the blast furnace.

In the method stack damper and 3, to the vertical, hand' nerator of Fig whereupon the right 1 (Fig. 3) is on an blast andthe lefthan generator of Fig. 1 I

(Fig. 2) is on gas making run. Thus, with no) Figs. 1 and 2, to the horizontal and stack damper (n'v') 1;

of. opetating the apparatus shown in Fig. 1, as last described; whenriodic fuel replenishment from the fuel oppers, and repetition of the operating cycle described, a continuous operation ensues, by which fuel volatiles and-water gas are continuously fed to the blast furnace for use as described. With the gas generators so regulated to a continuous gas production:

Valves (VYl), (VY2), (VY3) and (VY4) Fig. 1, may be closed and the entire water gas production be delivered through valve (VY5), Fig. 1, into the lowermost gas annular of the blast furnace (405), Fig. 4,

and thence through ports (5p), Fig. 4, into the blast furnace. By closing valves (VZL) (VZ2), (VZ3), (VZ4) and (VZ5), Fig. 1, the entire combustion air quantities may be delivered through valve VZG), Fig. 1, into annular (4d6), Fig. 4, through ports (11p), Fig. 4 and into the blast furnace shown in Figs. 1 and 4.

Many combinations of valve adjustments and apparatus regulations are possible by the arrangement of pipes. valves, annulars and ports illustrated in Fig. 4, and all such combinations and adjustments, which permit the blast furnace tosfunction, are included within the adaptations of the process described herein.

Vith the operating conditions of the gas generators remaining valves (VYl), (VY2). (VY3), (VY4) and (VY5), Fig. 1, may all be closed and valve (VXl) Fig. 1, opened, whereupon the water gas produced, together with the distillates from the gas generators, are both. delivered through pipe (X3), Fig. 1, into annular (405), through ports (5p), Fig. 4, into the blast furnace, shown in the drawings. Any adjustments of the valves or apparatus regulations of the blast furnace shown in Fig. 4 with gas quantities so delivered are included within the scope of the process described herein. I

With operation of the gas generators continuing as described and presuming the left hand generator shown in Fig.1 (Fig. 2) to be on gas making run and the other generator to be in blast; close valves (VXl), (VX3), 0V) and (0V),- Fig. 1, close valve (ft), and open valve Figs. 1 and 2, also open valve (eo), Fig. 1, leaving valve (6 0) closed, whereupon the blast products produced in the right hand'generator of Fig. 1 (Fig. 3) follow the same course as that taken before making the adjustments indicated, but the volatiles distilled from the fuel in the magazine of this generator are carried past pipe (003), Fig. 1, and enter the fuel magazine (A), Fig. 2, through pipe (1)), Figs. 1 and 2. The steam supply, being discontinued from pipe (f), Figs, 1 and 2, it is now delivered through pipe (.9) Figs. 1

"and 2, into fuel magazine (A), Fig. 2.

Thus, the volatiles from the right hand generator, together with the steam for the water gas reaction, journey downward through fuel'maga'zine (A), Fig. 2, through the incandescent carbon atop grate (0 Fig.

2, and exit from the lefthand generator through pipe (e) and valve (e'v) Fig. 1, now

open, and arrive at the base of pipe (y) Fig.

with steam, the whole being heattreated by passage through incandescent fuel, where further carbon precipitations, which may occur, are made in the hot fuel and reclaimed in the combustion or reaction incident to water gas production.

To reverse the air blast to the other gen erator, close valves (6121), Figs. land 3 and open valve (do), Figs. 1 and 2, throw stack damper (1271), Figs. 1 and 2, to the vertical and stack damper (mi) Figs. 1 and 3, to the horizontal, close valve (64)) Fig. 1, and open valve (61)) Fig. 1, and close steam valve (s-v) Figs. 1 and 2, and open steam valve (81 Figs. 1 and 3. Anyoperatable combinations of valves, pipes, annulars and ports shown in Fig. 4 for use'with combustible gas so composed and delivered are included within the scope of the process disclosed." as last described,

The mechanism shown in the drawings is operatable by many methods, all of which are within the scope of the subject process of this specification. The apparatus shown in the drawings, constitutes but one of the mechanical arrangements by which the said process may function, and any departures therefrom or .anymechanical means whatsoever bywhich the said process may function, are included within the scope of the process claims.

However, it will be noted that applicants method consists broadly in the. generation of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the generator a and in the production of volatile fractions of bituminous material in the generator a and then in selectively introducing the hydrogen and carbon monoxide (or water was, steam having been introduced during the generation'of' the carbon monoxide and hydrogen), and the volatile fractions at desired points in-the smelting or reducing zone of the blast furnacewith which both generators communicate. I I

It should likewise be noted that in appli- 'cant-s process fuel is' constantly introduced,

not into the blast furnace, but into the respective generator, and as soon as one generator a has finished producing water gas the other generator 1 will have finished its production of yolatile fractions and the opera- -tions in each generator may then be reversed so that-the smelting or reduction of the. ore will be continuous. The water gas produces the necessary reaction with the ore when introduced into the reducing zone, and the required heat needed to produce the reaction maybe obtained by combusting the gases or volatile fractions which have also. been introduced into the smelting zone. r

If but a single generator is utilized, same will produce the water gas intermittently and 'will produce volatile fractions of bituminous material in the periods ,between' periods of \generat-ion of water gas and, by the use of a reservoir for storing one or the other. of these products, a continuous and simultaneous introduction of the water gas and. volatile fractions into the reducing zone will be. effected.

What I' claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. process of reducing ore which consists in producing hydrogen and carbon monoxide at a point separated from the reducing zone,

distillingvolatile fractions of bituminous fuel atv a point separated from the reducing zone, and then reducing the ore by introduction of the'hydrogen and carbon monoxide within said zone while acquiring the needed reaction, and reducing beats from the burn.-

ing of the volatile fractions of bituminous fuel by introducing same simultaneously with the carbon monoxide and hydrogen into the reducing zone.

2. A process for the heat treatment of ore which consists in first producing water gas fromj steam and the potential coke of bituminous'fuel, and second, distillation of volatile fractions from such fuel and then terial into water gas, using a portion of the,

' fixed carbon of. a carbonaceous fuel to promonoxide and hydrogen.

vide the heatrequired in producing the gas,

and then using the hydrogen and carbon monoxide of the water gas so produced, for

fractions from the bituminous material employed to supply reaction and reduction heats.

4. A process for reducing ore which consists in converting carbonaceous fuel through the agencies of heat and steam into volatile materials containing hydrocarbonsandcarbon monoxide and hydrogen, and reducing ore with the carbon monoxide and hydrogen so produced by introducing same into the reducing zone while obtaining the necessary reaction and reducing heats therefor bycombusting the hydrocarbons so derived, simultaneously with the introduction of the carbon 5. A process for the reducing of ore which consists in. deriving volatile fractions from bituminous fuel,in converting part of the fixed carbon of such fuel into water gas through its reaction with steam, and then. I delivering such respective products mto a confined space for the reduction of ore therelates of bituminous material at points spaced from the reducing zone and delivering the hydrogen and carbon monoxide at selected monoxide and volatile hydrocarbon distillocalities into a mass of ore in the reducing zone, and reducing such ore with such gases by reactions to CO and H 0 by heat derived from the combustion by a blast. of air and hydrocarbons. I

7 A process sists in delivering hydro en and carbon monoxide at selected localities into a; mass of ore, and reducing said ore withthe gases by reactions to CO and H 0 by heat derived from the combustion, by blasts of air and hydrocarbons, and combusting gases residual from reactions by contact with air quantities supplied. 5 V g 8. A process for the reducin of'ore which consists in deriving volatile actions from bituminous fuel at one point, in independently converting part of the fixed carbon of this fuel into water gas through its reaction with steam at another point and in then delivering such respective products into a confined chamber, spaced from said first mentioned point and deriving hydrocarbon fractions for reducing ore which confrom such fuel and combusting the same to,

supply heat requirements of the reducing operation. v

9. A process for smelting ore which conproducing volatile fractions of bituminous material at another point and in'delivering sists in generating water gas at one point, in i said water gas and said volatile fractions s'm It 1 l li f reduction of ore, and combusting volatile I 1 u aneous y mto Se acted loca mes 0 smelting zone thereby to reduce the ore by reaction to the components of the water gas whilesupplying the necessary smelting heats by combustion of, the volatile fractions as continuous process.

' 10. A process for smelting ore which con-,

while supplying the necessary smelting heats I by combustion of thevolatile fractions as a continuous process.

11. A process for smeiting ore 'which con- V sists in combusting part of a quantity of carbonaceous fuel and diverting products of contact with ore and combusting part of said such combustion outside and away from the gaseous materials withalr whereby to heat combustion zone, and during such combusthe ore and react a part of the gaseous mar tion period distilling volatiles out of and terials wlth the ore to reduce the same.

away from'carbonaceous fuel superimposed upon the burning fuel, and when'a desired incandescent heat is attained therein discontinuing such combustion and then delivering into the incandescent fuel steam and volatiles distilled from, carbonaceous fuel, and conducting the gaseous products thereby resulting into selected levels of the smelting zone charged with ore and fluxing material whereby the gaseous materials introduced at one level will act to reduct the ore, and the gaseous materials introduced at another level will act by their combustion with air to produce the required heat.

12. A process for smelting ore which consists in combusting part of a quantity of carbonaceous fuel and diverting products of such combustion outside and away from the combustion zone and during such combustion-period distilling volatiles out of and away from carbonaceous fuel superimposed upon the burning fuel and when a desired incandescent heat is attained therein discontinuing such combustion and delivering steam into the incandescent fuel and conveying the gaseous materials thereby resulting and volatiles so derived into selected levels of a smelting zone charged with ore and fluxing material and using the gaseous materials at one level to reduce the ore and thegaseous materials at another level toproduce the required heat by combustion with air.

13. A process for smelting ore which consists in combusting part ofa quantity of carbonaceous fuel and diverting products of such combustion outside and away from'the combustion zone and with heat produced by such combustion distilling volatiles out of and away from carbonaceous fuel and when a desired incandescent heat is attained within the burning fuel discontinuing the combustion and delivering steam thereinto and conveying gaseous materials produced by such steam reaction and distillation into a smelting zone charged with ore and other suitable substances, part of the gaseous materials so derived being introduced at one point to reduce the ore and another part being introduced at another point mixed with air and combusted to produce the required heat.

14. A process for smeltin ore which con- I and dis'tillates derived in such manner into 

